The 12 Hallmarks of Aging (2023)
1. Genomic Instability
2. Telomere Shortening
3. Epigenetic Alterations
4. Loss of Proteostasis
5. Disabled Macroautophagy
6. Deregulated Nutrient Sensing
7. Mitochondrial Dysfunction
8. Cellular Senescence
9. Stem Cell Exhaustion
10. Altered Intercellular Communication
11. Chronic Inflammation
12. Dysbiosis
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